Hello! Guys
want to know about Conductor, Insulator,
and Semi-conductor. So,
What are conductors, Insulators, and Semi-conductor?
Introduction:-
Everybody in the universe allow
electricity to pass-through within it. Some of them are allow mature amount of
electricity, some allow less and some approximately nil.
-
So,
there are three main types of category.
1. Conductor
2. Semi-conductor
3. Insulator
Definition of Categories:
1. Conductor:-
The bodies which can allow
mature amount of electricity pass-though from it are called Conductors.
-
The
Conductor are commonly used in various type of field of electricity, magnetism,
and also electromagnetism.
-
They
are also used for making magnet by different method like single-touch method.
-
E.g.
Iron, Gold, and Metal are generally considered as conductor.
2. Semi-conductor:-
The bodies which can allow less amount of electricity
to pass-through from it are called semi-conductors.
-
The
Semi-conductor are generally used for making electronic devices.
-
E.g.
Silicon, Germanium are example of Semi-conductors, and mobile, television are
example of electronic devices.
3. Insulator:-
The bodies which can allow very low amount of
electricity or approximately equal to nil are called Insulator.
-
The
bodies which have high amount of resistance or ability to resist to electricity
is also called Insulator.
Why they bodies behave different so categories into different category.
For getting the answer of we have to
study the band theory of solids,
One of the
active field of research called Solid state Physics. It deals with the
structure and electrical properties of solids. According to Bohr Atomic model
electron in a single atom can occupy only certain energy –level. The lower
possible energy level is called the ground state and higher ones are called
excited states. When atom or molecules are in solid-state, their outer-electron
overlaps. Hence, their energy level are changed some-what and because of
interaction, the energy level are spread out into energy bands. The outer
electrons can be considered to be in either of two bands. The lower valence
band, which corresponds to the ground state; or the upper conduction band. No
electron can have energy in the “for-bidden” energy gap between the two bands.
Normally the electron resides in the valence band where they are held more
tightly to individual atom.
In an Insulator, the
valence band is full, the conduction band is essentially empty, and the
forbidden gap is fairly large. Hence normally, there are no free state for the
electrons to move into higher conduction band.
In a conductor, there is no
gap and the two band usually overlap or there is simply one band that is not
filled and the electrons are free to move easily to other state.
In the pure semi-conductor
the forbidden energy gap between valence and conductor bands are narrow.
So, due to gap in between
conduction band and valance band in substance conductivity and resistivity
increase or decrease.
As we know that conductivity
and resistivity are inversely proportional to each other. So, if the gap
increases resistivity increases and conductivity decrease. Hence, it categories
into Insulator and vice versa.
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